How Does a Septic Tank Work?

The septic tank is designed to allow the separation of wastes into three layers: solids, effluent and scum. However, a well-maintained septic tank can last for decades while one with little to no care will fail in just a few years. Knowing how the system works lets you plan maintenance and avoid habits that can damage your tank. Keep reading on for what happens inside a septic tank.

Bacteria Play a Key Role

Bacteria act on and break down wastes entering the septic tank. The wastes are separated into three different sections called sludge, effluent, and scum layer. The latter floats on top while effluent – water without any solids – stays in the middle. As a result of bacteria action, solid wastes (sludge) settles to the bottom of the tank. In aerobic septic tanks, oxygen is required for bacteria action on waste materials while bacteria in anaerobic systems do not require oxygen to live.

Harsh chemicals can overthrow bacteria balance in the tank. Therefore, homeowners should avoid flushing down the drain strong detergents plus materials such as baby wipes, dental floss, feminine products, and other items alike. Those who fault on this instruction usually receive a backlash in terms of hefty repair bills.

Enzyme packets can, however, be used to maintain the level of the enzyme in the tank. Putting enzymes down the drain helps sludge to breakdown faster. Though some expert recommends to pump out tanks every three to five years, most forget to raise the impact of “too often” pumping on bacteria level as it takes time for the bacteria to grow after a cleanout. 

Types of Septic Tanks

A typical septic tank is made of concrete, plastic, or fiberglass. Newer systems feature two compartments, designed for better waste separation. Septic tanks also have components such as inlet and outlet baffles. The outlet baffles serve as a barrier that prevents lumpy stuff from escaping the tank into the drainfield while inlet baffles prevent backup into homes. Risers can also be installed over the openings of the septic tank for easier access, particularly for inspection purposes.

Common Septic Tank Issues

Septic tanks can fail, become clogged, or develop other issues, especially when not used properly. Grease and oils from the kitchen, baby wipes as well as feminine products flushed down the drain can cause clogs. A full tank or damaged baffles also let the “wrong waste” escape the tank. 

Knowing how septic tank works, including the dos and don’ts, allows you to schedule maintenance and implement proper care. Maintaining good bacteria level, replacing damaged components on time as well as using expert help when necessary will not only ensure your system works but do so for decades.

Need Septic Tank Help? Contact Septic Pumping of Raleigh

The experts at Septic Pumping of Raleigh are happy to offer a wide range of septic services. Offerings include septic tank pumping, septic installation, septic cleaning, as well as repair and replacement services. Don’t wait until your tank completely fails, quickly connect with professionals at Septic Pumping of Raleigh the moment you notice any sign of septic issues. You’ll never be disappointed by our service professionals.